2018年06月26日 栏目首页
【写作】
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employer and employees. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
范文：
Trust Between Employers and Employees
Trust is the most frequently used word when we are talking about interpersonal relationships. With the development of social economy， people gradually have less and less trust in each other， especially among employers and employees. Therefore， building and maintaining trust between them is of great importance for a company.
First of all， mutual trust between employers and employees can improve the work efficiency. Once they build trust between each other， they‘ll work towards a common goal and all will devote themselves in realizing it. Secondly， employers will lose their employees if they lack trust in them. To avoid losing talents， employers should show their good faith and give employees more care and love. Thirdly， having faith in each other in a company can definitely create a harmonious working atmosphere and create great value for the company.
To sum up， employers and employees should raise the awareness of mutual trust and put their faith in each other， which is a foundation of the well development of a company.
【听力】
Section A
Conversation One
M: What's all that? Are you going to make a salad?
W: No I'm going to make a gazpacho.
M: What's that?
W: Gazpacho is a cold soup from Spain. It’s mostly vegetables. I guess you could call it a liquid salad.
M: Cold soup? Sounds weird.
W: It's delicious. Trust me. I tried it for the first time during my summer vacation in Spain. You see, in the south of Spain, it gets very hot in the summer, up to 40°C. So a cold gazpacho is very refreshing. The main ingredients are tomato, cucumber, bell peppers, olive oil and stale bread.
M: Stale bread? Surely you mean bread for dipping into the soup?
W: No. Bread is crushed and blended in like everything else. It adds texture and thickness to the soup.
M: Mm. And is it healthy?
W: Sure. As I said earlier it's mostly vegetables. You can also add different things if you like, such as hard-boiled egg or cured ham.
M: Cured ham? What’s that?
W: That's another Spanish delicacy. Have you never heard of it? It is quite famous.
M: no, is it good too?
W: Oh, yeah, definitely. It’s amazing. It’s a little dry and salty, and it's very expensive because it comes from a special type of pig that only eats a special type of food. The harm is covered in salt to dry and preserve it. And left to hang for up to 2 years, it has a very distinct flavor.
M: Mm. Sounds interesting. Where can I find some?
W: It used to be difficult to get Spanish produce here. But it's now a lot more common. Most large supermarket chains have cured ham in little packets but in Spain you combine a whole leg.
M: A whole peg leg? Why would anybody want so much ham?
W: In Spain, many people buy a whole leg for special group events, such as Christmas. They cut it themselves into very thin slices with a long flat knife.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. What do we learn about gazpacho?
2. For what purpose is stale bread mixed into gazpacho?
3. Why does the woman think gazpacho is healthy?
4. What does the woman say about cured ham?
Conversation Two
M: Hello, I wish to buy a bottle of wine.
W: Hi, yes. What kind of wine would you like?
M: I don't know, sorry. I don't know much about wine.
W: That’s no problem at all. What’s the occasion and how much would you like to spend?
M: It's for my boss. It’s his birthday. I know he likes wine, but I don't know what type. I also do not want anything too expensive, maybe mid-range. How much would you say is a mid-range bottle of wine approximately?
W: Well, it varies greatly. Our lowest prices are around $6 a bottle, but those are table wines. They are not very special. And I would not suggest them as a gift. On the other end, our most expensive bottles are over $150. If you are looking for something priced in the middle, I would say anything between $30 and $60 would make a decent gift. How does that sound?
M: Mm, yeah. I guess something in the vicinity of 30 or 40 would be good. Which type would you recommend?
W: I would say the safest option is always a red wine. They are generally more popular than whites, and can usually be paired with food more easily. Our specialty here are Italian wines, and these tend to be fruity with medium acidity. This one here is a Chianti, which is perhaps Italy's most famous type of red wine. Alternatively, you may wish to try and surprise your boss with something less common, such as the Infantile. The grapes are originally native to Croatia but this winery is in east in Italy and it has a more spicy and peppery flavor. So to summarize, the Chianti is more classical and the Infantile more exciting. Both are similarly priced at just under $40.
M: I will go with Chianti then. Thanks.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. What does the woman think of table wines?
6. What is the price range of wine the man will consider?
7. Why does the woman recommend red wines?
8. What do we learn about the wine the man finally bought?
Section B
Passage One
Many people enjoy secret codes, the harder the code the more some people would try to figure it out. In war time, codes are especially important, they help army send news about battles and signs of enemy forces. Neither side wants its code broken by the other. One very important code was never broken, it was used during world war two by the Americans. It was spoken code, never written down and it was developed and used by NH Indians. They were called the NH code talkers. The NH created the codes in their own language. NH was hard to learn and only a few people know it. So it was pretty certain that the enemy would not be able to understand the code talkers. In addition, the talkers used code words. They called a submarine and an iron fish and a small bomb thrown by hand, a potato. If they wanted to spell something, they used code words for letters of the Alphabet. For instance, the letter A was ant or apple or ax, the code talkers worked mostly in the islands in the Pacific. One or two would be assigned a group of soldiers. They would send messages by field telephone to the code talker in the next group. And he would relay the information to his commander. The code talkers played an important part in several battles. They helped the troops coordinate their movements and attacks. After the war, the US governments honored them for what they had accomplished. Theirs was the most successful wartime code ever used.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9 . What does the speaker say many people enjoy doing?
10.What do we learn about the NH talkers?
11.What is the speaker mainly talking about?
Passage Two
If you are young and thinking about your career, you want to know where you can make a living, well, this going to be a technological replacement of a lot of knowledge intensive jobs in the next twenty years. Particularly in the two largest sectors of the labor force with professional skills. One is teaching, and the other, health care. You have so many applications and software and platforms, but going to come in and provide information and service in these two fields, which means a lot of health care and education sectors, would be radically changed, and lots of jobs will be lost. Now, where will the new jobs be found, well the one sector of the economy that can't be easily duplicated by even small technologies is the caring sector, the personal care sector, that is, you can't really get a robot to do a great massage or physical therapy. Or, you can't get the kind of personal attention you need with regard to therapy or any other personal service. There could be very high and personal services, therapist do charge a lot of money, I think there's no limit to the amount of personal attention and personal care, people would like if they could afford it. But, the real question in the future is, how come people afford these things if they don't have money, because they can't get a job that pays enough, that's why I wrote this book, which is about how to reorganize the economy for the future when technology brings about destructive changes, to what we used to consider high income work.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. What does the speaker say will happen in the next twenty years?
13. Where will young people have more chances to find jobs?
14. What does the speaker say about therapist?
15. What is the speaker’s book about?
Section C
Recording One
American researchers have discovered the world's oldest paved road, a 4,600-year-old highway. It linked a stone pit in the Egyptian desert to waterways that carried blocks to monument sites along the Nile. The eight-mile road is at least 500 years older than any previously discovered road. It is the only paved road discovered in ancient Egypt, said geologist Thomas Bown of the United States Geological Survey. He reported the discovery on Friday. "The road probably doesn't rank with the pyramids as a construction feat, but it is a major engineering achievement," said his colleague, geologist James Harrell of the University of Toledo. "Not only is the road earlier than we thought possible, we didn't even think they built roads." The researchers also made a discovery in the stone pit at the northern end of the road: the first evidence that the Egyptians used rock saws. "This is the oldest example of saws being used for cutting stone," said Bown’s colleague James Hoffmeier of Wheaton College in Illinois.
"That's two technologies we didn't know they had," Harrell said "And we don't know why they were both abandoned." The road was discovered in the Faiyum Depression, about 45 miles southwest of Cairo. Short segments of the road had been observed by earlier explorers, Bown said, but they failed to realize its significance or follow up on their observations. Bown and his colleagues stumbled across it while they were doing geological mapping in the region. The road was clearly built to provide services for the newly discovered stone pit. Bown and Harrell have found the camp that housed workers at the stone pit. The road appears today to go nowhere, ending in the middle of the desert. When it was built, its terminal was a dock on the shore of Lake Moeris, which had an elevation of about 66 feet above sea level, the same as the dock. Lake Moeris received its water from the annual floods of the Nile. At the time of the floods, the river and lake were at the same level and connected through a gap in the hills near the modern villages of el-Lahun and Hawara. Harrell and Bown believe that blocks were loaded onto barges during the dry season, then floated over to the Nile during the floods to be shipped off to the monument sites at Giza and Saqqara.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. What do we learn from the lecture about the world’s oldest paved road in Egypt?
17. What did the researchers discover in the stone pit?
18. For what purpose was the paved road built?
Recording Two
The thin, extremely sharp needles didn’t hurt at all going in. Dr. Gong pierced them into my left arm, around the elbow that had been bothering me. Other needles were slipped into my left wrist and, strangely, into my right arm, and then into both my closed eyelids.
There wasn’t any discomfort, just a mild warming sensation. However, I did begin to wonder what had driven me here, to the office of Dr. James Gong, in New York’s Chinatown.
Then I remembered--the torturing pain in that left elbow. Several trips to a hospital and two expensive, uncomfortable medical tests had failed to produce even a diagnosis.“Maybe you lean on your left arm too much,”the doctor concluded, suggesting I see a bone doctor.
During the hours spent waiting in vain to see a bone doctor, I decided to take another track and try acupuncture. A Chinese-American friend recommended Dr. Gong. I took the subway to Gong’s second-floor office, marked with a hand-painted sign.
Dr. Gong speaks English, but not often. Most of my questions to him were greeted with a friendly laugh, but I managed to let him know where my arm hurt. He asked me to go into a room, had me lie down on a bed, and went to work. In the next room, I learned, a woman dancer was also getting a treatment. As I lay there a while, I drifted into a dream-like state and fantasized about what she looked like.
Acupuncturists today are as likely to be found on Park Avenue as on Mott Street. In all there are an estimated 10,000 acupuncturists in the country. Nowadays, a lot of M.D.s have learned acupuncture techniques; so have a number of dentists. Reason? Patient demand. Few, though, can adequately explain how acupuncture works.
Acupuncturists may say that the body has more than 800 acupuncture points. A life force called qi circulates through the body. Points on the skin are energetically connected to specific organs, body structures and systems. Acupuncture points are stimulated to balance the circulation of qi.
The truth is, though acupuncture is at least 2,200 years old,“nobody really knows what’s happening,”says Paul Zmiewski, a Ph.D. in Chinese studies who practices acupuncture in Philadelphia.
After five treatments, there has been dramatic improvement in my arm, and the pain is a fraction of what it was. The mainly silent Dr. Gong finally even offered a diagnosis for what troubled me.“Pinched nerve,”he said.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. What does the speaker find especially strange?
20. Why did the speaker go see Dr. Gong?
21. What account for the growing popularity of acupuncture in the United States, according to the speaker?
Recording Three
Ronald and Lois married for two decades considered themselves a happy couple. But in the early years of their marriage both were distilled by persistent arguments that seem to fade away without ever being truly resolved. They uncovered clues to what was going wrong by researching a fascinating subject. How birth order affects not only your personality but also how compatible you are with your mate. Ronald and Lois are only children and onlies grow up accustomed to being the apple of parents’ eyes. Match two onlies and you have partners to sub consciously expect each other to continue fulfilling this expectation while neither has much experience in the giving and here's a list of common birth order characteristics and some thoughts on the best and worst Marischal matches for each. The oldest tends to be self-assured, responsible, a high achiever and relatively seriously reserved. He may be slow to make friends. Perhaps content with only one companion. The best matches are with a youngest and only or a mate raised in a large family. The worst match is with another oldest since the two will be too sovereign to share a household comfortably. The youngest child of the family thrives on the tension and tends to be outgoing, adventurous, optimistic, creative and less ambitious than others in the family. He may lack self-discipline and have difficulty making decisions on his own. A youngest brother of brothers often unpredictable and romantic will match best with an oldest sister of brothers. The youngest sister of brothers is best matched with the oldest brother of sisters who will happily indulge these traits. The middle child is influenced by many variables however middles are less likely to take initiative and more anxious and self-critical than others. Middles often successfully marry other middles. Since both are strong on tact not so strong on the aggressiveness and tend to crave affection. The only child is often most comfortable when alone. But since an only tends to be a well-adjusted individual she'll eventually learn to relate to any chosen spouse. The male only child expects his wife to make life easier without getting much in return. He is sometimes best matched with the younger sister of brothers. The female only child who tends to be slightly more flexible is well matched with an older man who will indulge her tendency to test his love—her worst much. Another only of course.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
22. What does the speaker say about Ronald and Lois's early years of married life?
23. What do we learn about Ronald and Lois?
24. What does the speaker say about the oldest child in the family?
25. What does the speaker say about the only children?
参考答案：
BADCB ADDCA CBCAB DABDC .ACADB
【阅读】
Section A
Scientists scanning and mapping the Giza pyramids say they've discovered that the Great Pyramid of Giza is not exactly even. But really not by much. This pyramid is the oldest of the world‘s Seven Wonders. The pyramid’s exact size has 26 puzzled experts for centuries， as the “more than 21 acres of hard， white casing stones” that originally covered it were 27 removed long ago.
Reporting in the most recent issue of the newsletter “AERAGRAM，” which 28 chronicles the work of the Ancient Egypt Research Associates， engineer Glen Dash says that by using a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving 29 remnants of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was. They found the east side of the pyramid to be a 30 maximum of 5.55 inches shorter than the west side.
The question that most 31 fascinates him， however， isn't how the Egyptians who designed and built the pyramid got it wrong 4，500 years ago， but how they got it so close to 32 perfect. “We can only speculate as to how the Egyptians could have laid out these lines with such 33 precision using only the tools they had，” Dash writes. He says his 34 hypothesis is that the Egyptians laid out their design on a grid， noting that the great pyramid is oriented only 35 slightly away from the cardinal directions (its north-south axis runs 3 minutes 54 seconds west of due north， while its east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51 seconds north of due east)—an amount that's “tiny， but similar，” Atlas Obscura points out.
A)chronicles
B)complete
C)established
D)fascinates
E)hypothesis
F)maximum
G)momentum
H)mysteriously
I)perfect
J)precision
K)puzzled
L)remnants
M)removed
N)revelations
O)slightly
参考答案：
26. K) puzzled
27. M) removed
28. A) chronicles
29. L) remnants
30. F) maximum
31. D) fascinates
32. I) perfect
33. J) precision
34. E) hypothesis
35. O) slightly
Section B
Directions： In this section， you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the question by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Peer Pressure Has a Positive Side
A. Parents of teenagers often view their children‘s friends with something like suspicion. They worry that the adolescent peer group has the power to push its members into behavior that is foolish and even dangerous. Such wariness is well founded： statistics show， for example， that a teenage driver with a same-age passenger in the car is at higher risk of a fatal crash than an adolescent driving alone or with an adult.
B. In a 2005 study， psychologist Laurence Steinberg of Temple University and his co-author， psychologist Margo Gardner， then at Temple， divided 306 people into three age groups： young adolescents， with a mean age of 14; older adolescents， with a mean age of 19; and adults， aged 24 and older. Subjects played a computerized driving game in which the player must avoid crashing into a wall that materializes， without warning， on the roadway. Steinberg and Gardner randomly assigned some participants to play alone or with two same-age peers looking on.
C. Older adolescents scored about 50 percent higher on an index of risky driving when their peers were in the room—and the driving of early adolescents was fully twice as reckless when other young teens were around. In contrast， adults behaved in similar ways regardless of whether they were on their own or observed by others. “The presence of peers makes adolescents and youth， but not adults， more likely to take risks，” Steinberg and Gardner concluded.
D. Yet in the years following the publication of this study， Steinberg began to believe that this interpretation did not capture the whole picture. As he and other researchers examined the question of why teens were more apt to take risks in the company of other teenagers， they came to suspect that a crowd‘s influence need not always be negative. Now some experts are proposing that we should take advantage of the teen brain’s keen sensitivity to the presence of friends and leverage it to improve education.
E. In a 2011 study， Steinberg and his colleagues turned to functional MRI (磁共振) to investigate how the presence of peers affects the activity in the adolescent brain. They scanned the brains of 40 teens and adults who were playing a virtual driving game designed to test whether players would brake at a yellow light or speed on through the crossroad.
F. The brains of teenagers， but not adults， showed greater activity in two regions associated with rewards when they were being observed by same-age peers than when alone. In other words， rewards are more intense for teens when they are with peers， which motivates them to pursue higher-risk experiences that might bring a big payoff (such as the thrill of just making the light before it turns red) But Steinberg suspected this tendency could also have its advantages. In his latest experiment， published online in August， Steinberg and his colleagues used a computerized version of a card game called the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate how the presence of peers affects the way young people gather and apply information.
G. The results： Teens who played the Iowa Gambling Task under the eyes of fellow adolescents engaged in more exploratory behavior， learned faster from both positive and negative outcomes， and achieved better performance on the task than those who played in solitude. “What our study suggests is that teenagers learn more quickly and more effectively when their peers are present than when they‘re on their own，” Steinberg says. And this finding could have important implications for how we think about educating adolescents.
H. Matthew D. Lieberman， a social cognitive neuroscientist at the University of California， Los Angeles， and author of the 2013 book Social： Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect， suspects that the human brain is especially adept at learning socially salient information. He points to a classic 2004 study in which psychologists at Dartmouth College and Harvard University used functional MRI to track brain activity in 17 young men as they listened to descriptions of people while concentrating on either socially relevant cues (for example， trying to form an impression of a person based on the description) or more socially neutral information (such as noting the order of details in the description) The descriptions were the same in each condition， but people could better remember these statements when given a social motivation.
I. The study also found that when subjects thought about and later recalled descriptions in terms of their informational content， regions associated with factual memory， such as the medial temporal lobe， became active. But thinking about or remembering descriptions in terms of their social meaning activated the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex—part of the brain‘s social network—even as traditional memory regions registered low levels of activity. More recently， as he reported in a 2012 review， Lieberman has discovered that this region may be part of a distinct network involved in socially motivated learning and memory. Such findings， he says， suggest that “this network can be called on to process and store the kind of information taught in school—potentially giving students access to a range of untapped mental powers.”
J. If humans are generally geared to recall details about one another， this pattern is probably even more powerful among teenagers who are hyperattentive to social minutiae： who is in， who is out， who likes whom， who is mad at whom. Their penchant for social drama is not—or not only—a way of distracting themselves from their schoolwork or of driving adults crazy. It is actually a neurological(神经的) sensitivity， initiated by hormonal changes. Evolutionarily speaking， people in this age group are at a stage in which they can prepare to find a mate and start their own family while separating from parents and striking out on their own. To do this successfully， their brain prompts them to think and even obsess about others.
K. Yet our schools focus primarily on students as individual entities. What would happen if educators instead took advantage of the fact that teens are powerfully compelled to think in social terms? In Social， Lieberman lays out a number of ways to do so. History and English could be presented through the lens of the psychological drives of the people involved. One could therefore present Napoleon in terms of his desire to impress or Churchill in terms of his lonely melancholy. Less inherently interpersonal subjects， such as math， could acquire a social aspect through team problem solving and peer tutoring. Research shows that when we absorb information in order to teach it to someone else， we learn it more accurately and deeply， perhaps in part because we are engaging our social cognition.
L. And although anxious parents may not welcome the notion， educators could turn adolescent recklessness to academic ends. “Risk taking in an educational context is a vital skill that enables progress and creativity，” wrote Sarah-Jayne Blakemore， a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London， in a review published last year. Yet， she noted， many young people are especially risk averse at school—afraid that one low test score or mediocre grade could cost them a spot at a selective university. We should assure such students that risk， and even peer pressure， can be a good thing—as long as it happens in the classroom and not the car.
36. It is thought probable that the human brain is particularly good at picking-up socially important information.
37. It can be concluded from experiment that the presence of peers increases risk-taking by adolescents and youth.
38. Students should be told that risk XXX classroom can be something positive.
39. The XXX a mate and getting married accounts for adolescents‘ greater attention to social interactions.
40. According to Steinberg， the presence of peers increases the speed and effectiveness of teenagers‘ leaning.
41. Teenagers‘ parents are often concerned XXX negative peer influence.
42. Activating the XXX network involved in socially motivated learning and memory may XXX tap XXX mental powers.
43. The presence of peer intensifies the feeling of rewards in teens‘ brains.
44. When we absorb information for the purpose of imparting it to ethers， we do so with greater secretary and depth.
45. Some experts are suggesting that we turn peer influence to good use in education.
参考答案：
36-40 HCLJG 41-45 AIFKD
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
The Ebro Delta， in Spain， famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War， is now the setting for a different contest， one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies： the rice-eating giant apple snail， and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.
Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona， the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year， making it one of the continent‘s most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes， however， rising salinity(盐分)is hampering rice production. At the same time， this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail， an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to harness one foe against the other.
The battle is currently being waged on land， in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner “Project Neurice” are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes.
“The project has two sides，” says Xavier Serrat， Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona. “the short-term fight against the snail， and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency.”
Originally from South America， the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Tecnologies， a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums(水族馆)， but failed to prevent their escape. For now， the giant apple snail‘s presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory， says Serrat. “The question is not if it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe， but when.”
Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt-tolerant rice they‘ve bred. In 2018， farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe’s other two main rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy， and France‘s Rh?ne. A season in the field will help determine which， if any， of the varieties are ready for commercialization.
As an EU-funded effort， the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome(基因组)
46.Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?
A. It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.
B. It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.
C. Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.
D. Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.
47.What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?
A. Striking the weaker enemy first
B. Killing two birds with one stone
C. Eliminating the enemy one by one
D. Using one evil to combat the other
48. What do we learn about “Project Neurice”?
A. Its goals will have to be realized at a cost.
B. It aims to increase the yield of Spanish rice.
C. Its immediate priority is to bring the pest under control.
D. It tries to kill the snails with the help of climate change.
49. What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?
A. It can survive only on southern European wetlands.
B. It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.
C. It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.
D. It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.
50. What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program?
A. Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.
B. Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.
C. Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.
D. Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.
参考答案：
46-50 CDCBA
解析：
46.C) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.
答案出处： …during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies…
47. D) Using one evil to combat the other.
答案出处： The most promising stragy has become to harness one foe against the other.
48. C) Its immediate priority is to bring the pest under control.
答案出处： …the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change, But the sanil has given the project greater urgency.
49. B) It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.
答案出处： For now, the giant apple snial's presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. "The question is not whether it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when."
50. A) Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.
答案出处： Asan EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countires. Each team is crossbredding a local European short-grain rice with a long-term Asian varity that carrises the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successivee generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome (基因组)。
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Photography was once an expensive， laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now， the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.
But is there another cost， a deeper cost， to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it? “You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos and interrupt the experience， and it's bad for you， and we're not living in the present moment，” says Kristin Diehl， associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.
Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true， so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people's enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results， published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology， surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more， not less.
“What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently， because you're looking for things you want to capture， that you may want to hang onto，” Diehl explains. “That gets people more engaged in the experience， and they tend to enjoy it more.”
Take sightseeing. In one experiment， nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more， and said they were more engaged， than those who didn't.
Snapping a photo directs attention， which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you're looking at， Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological(考古的)museums， where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. “People look longer at things they want to photograph，” Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more， too.
To the relief of Instagrammers(Instagram用户)everywhere， it can even makes meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch， they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren't told to take photos.
Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No， they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. “If you want to take mental photos， that works the same way，” Diehl says. “Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged.”
51.What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?
A. It was a painstaking effort for recording life‘s major events.
B. It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.
C. It was a good way to preserve one‘s precious images.
D. It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.
52.Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out __________.
A. what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takers
B. whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeing
C. how it could help to enrich people‘s life experiences
D. Whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing
53.What do the results of Diehl‘s experiments show that people taking photos?
A. They are distracted from what they are doing.
B. They can better remember what they see or do.
C. They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.
D. They can have a better understanding of the world.
54.What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?
A. They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.
B. They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.
C. They have a better view of what are on display.
D. They follow the historical events more easily.
55.What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A. It is better to make plans before taking photos.
B. Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.
C. Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.
D. Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.
参考答案：ADCBD
解析：
51. A) It was a painstaking effort for recording life’s major events.
答案出处：Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life’s greatest milestones.
52. D) Whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing.
答案出处： ”You hear that you shouldn’t take all these photos and interrupt the experience, and it’s bad for you, and we’re not living in the present moment,”says Kristin Diehl… Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true…
53. C) They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.
答案出处：The results...surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they’re doing more, not less.
54. B) They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.
答案出处：people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph." Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.
55. D) Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.
答案出处：No, they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect.
【翻译】
篇一
中国目前拥有世界上最大最快的高速铁路网。高铁列车的运行速度还将继续提升，更多的城市将修建高铁站。高铁大大缩短了人们出行的世界。相对飞机而言，高铁列车的突出优势在于准时，因为基本不受天气或交通管制的英雄。高铁极大地改变了中国人的生活方式。如今，它已经成了很多人商务旅行的首选交通工具。越来越多的人也在假日乘高铁外出旅游。还有不少年轻人选择在一个城市工作而在邻近城市居住，每天乘高铁上下班。
Nowadays, China owns the biggest and fastest network of high speed railway in this world and its speed will continue to be increased. More cities will build high speed railway stations. The time spent in travel has been largely shortened. Owing to its feature of unaffected by the weather and traffic control basically, the outstanding advantage of high speed railway is on time compared with airplane. It has changed the lifestyle of Chinese greatly. Now, it has been the first choice for many businessmen in their business trips. An increasing number of people select high speed railway as their transportation means during their vacations. Many young people choose to work in a city but live in a neighboring city and commute by high speed railway.
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