2015年职称英语考试卫生类模拟试题十四:阅读理解

2014年12月02日栏目首页

第4部分：阅读理解。下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

Small But Wise

On December 14, NASA blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Don’t let its small size fool you: WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects in the known universe,including asteroids, faint stars, blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.

“I’m very excited because we’re going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven’t seen before,” said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.

Since arriving in space, the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth, held by gravity in a polar orbit (this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap). Its camera is pointed outward, away from the Earth, and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes. After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.

The pictures taken by WISE won’t be like everyday digital photographs, however. WISE stands for “Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.” As its name suggests, the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation.

Radiation is energy that travels as a wave. Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light that becomes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree, for example, it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camera through the lens, they’re processed by the camera, which then puts the image together.

Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don’t see them, and neither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye, longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.

That’s a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can’t. Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light. Asteroids, for example, are giant rocks that float through space-but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They don’t reflect light, so they’re difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them. During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.

Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE’s pictures. These objects are “failed” stars-which means they are not massive enough to jump start the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun. Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down. They’re so dim that they’re almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.

31 .What is so special about WISE?

A. It is small in size but carries a large camera.

B. It is as small as a trashcan.

C. Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.

D. Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.

32. Which is NOT the synonym for the word "snap" in the third paragraph?

A. make.

B. shoot.

C. take

D. photograph.

33. The camera on WISE _____

A. is no different from an ordinary camera.

B. does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.

C. catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.

D. reflects light that human eyes can see.

34. Which of the following is NOT correct about “asteroids” according to paragraph 7?

A. Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.

B. Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.

C. It is difficult to take asteroids’ pictures by ordinary cameras.

D. The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids

35.What is implied in the last paragraph?

A. Brown dwarfs give off visible light.

B. Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.

C. Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.

D. Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.

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The Family

The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the samesociety. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences.

Until recently the most common form in North America was the nuclear family, consisting of amarried couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must beprepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There islittle help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are caredfor only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America, the elderly often do not livewith the family; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.

There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies, such as NorthAmerica, and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits, who live in harsh environments.The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions, mobilityallows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans, the hunt for jobs and improved socialstatus also requires mobility.

The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time,the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have includedgrandparents, mother and father, brothers and sisters, uncles, aunts, and cousins. In NorthAmerica today, there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice asmany households in the United States are headed by divorced, separated, or never-marriedindividuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family, not just in NorthAmerica, but throughout the world, continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.

Another good title for this passage would be______.

A.What Makes a Family

B.Life of Inuits

C.Living with Hardship

D.The Failure of the Nuclear Family

37、 A nuclear family is defined as______.

A.a married couple with their minor children

B.a single father with minor children

C.parents, grandparents, and children

D.parents, children, and aunts and uncles

38、 The information in this passage would most likely be found in ______.

A.an anthropology textbook

B.a biology textbook

C.a mathematics textbook

D.geography textbook

39、 The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through______.

A.listing statistics

B.telling a story

C.pointing out similarities

D.pointing out differences

40、 The word "mobility" means______.

A.money

B.readiness to move

C.organization

D.skill

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More Than a Ride to School

The National Education Association claims.“The school bus is a mirror of the community.” They further add that，unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community.They are right--sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl. Bruce Hardy.school bus driver for Althouse BUS Company has been Liesl’s bus driver since kindergarten.Last year when Liesl’s family moved to Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by her new residence。she requested to ride the same bus.

This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus.She says，”It’s been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener.Sometimes when you’re a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important.Mr.Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important.’’Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree.

Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company，Larry Althouse，president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardy’s outstanding record：“You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record.He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles.Hardy’s reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus.”

Althouse further adds，“Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since.My grandfather started the business with one bus. ”

Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come.’’ Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed.Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy，they have been building relationships through generations，Liesl’s mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy’s bus to the Octorara School District.

41The word“mirror'’in the first line could be best replaced by

A.“vehicle”.

B.“device”.

C.“need”

D.“reflection”.

42、 Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company

A.for 30 years.

B.for 70 years.

C.since last year.

D.since 2000

43、 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy?

A.He is popular with his passengers.